9) Active metals are more difficult to process and refine than less reactive metals because active metals combine with other elements, while less reactive metals tend to stay separate from other elements.
10) Silver would be the easiest to process because it is unreactive.
11) Most metals exist in nature are minerals rather than as pure metallic elements because they are mostly reactive metals which causes them to combine with other elements, forming compounds or minerals.
12) Reaction A is more likely to occur because calcium is more reative than chromium.
13) Reaction B since zinc is more reactive than silver.
14) It would be a poor idea to stir a solution of lead nitrate with an iron spoon because iron is more reactive than lead and they would most likely cause a reaction.
15) Reduction is the gain of one or more electrons and oxidation is the lose of one or more electrons.
16)
a. Au3+ + 3e- ---> Au
b. V ---> V4+ + 4e-
c. Cu+ ---> Cu2+ + 2e-
17)
a. reduction reaction.
b. oxidation reaction.
c. reduction reaction.
18)
a. Zn has been oxidized since it loses 2 electrons.
b. Ni has been reduced since it has gained 2 electrons.
c. The reducing agent is Zn.
19)
a. K+ has been oxidized since has lost an electron.
b. Hg has been reduced since it has gained 2 electrons.
c. The oxidizing agent is Hg2+.
20)
a. Al + Cr3+ ---> Al3 + C
b. Mn2+ + Mg ---> Mn + Mg
21)
a. Electrometallurgy uses an electrical current to supply electrons to metals ions.
b. Pyrometallurgy uses heat to convert metal cations to atoms.
c. Hydrometallurgy uses reactants in a water solution to treat ores and other metal-containing materials.
22)
a. Electrometallurgy
b. Pyrometallurgy
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