It's no myth, just call us Lith: Retrieving Copper Lab

Makena G.

Nina G. 

Nicolette E.

Dr. Forman 

Chemistry

Questions: 

1)

a. Since CuO does not react with HCl, but copper does, by adding 50 mL HCl to our beaker of 0.99 g of what we thought was pure CuO, we were able to see unconverted Cu form at the bottom of the beaker. This means that our original reaction was incomplete.

b. Maybe by exposing more of the original copper to oxygen, a more complete reaction would have occurred and more copper(II) oxide would have formed.

2)

a. Only .71 g reacted when we heated it. 

b. 0.71/0.99 x 100% = 71%

71% of the total copper sample reacted when heated.

3)

a. Zn: + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu:

b.                                                                      

i. Zn was oxidized.

ii. Cu was reduced.

iii. Zn is the reducing agent.

iv. Cu is the oxidizing agent.

4)

a. The color of the solution cleared and the zinc became brick red and broke apart.  

b. This is because since zinc is more reactive than copper, the zinc caused copper to reduce as it oxidized in the solution.

c. Once the color was completely clear, it was an indication that the Cu^2+ ions in the solution had reduced into solid Cu. The zinc had oxidized and became Zn2+ ions in the solution.

5)

a. Cu2+ ions and solid Zn were “used up” in this recovery process.

b. Cu2+ reduced into solid Cu and Zn was oxidized into Zn2+ ions within the solution.

Heating the copperoxide with hydrochloric acid

Zinc reacting with copper

Data Table: 

Histogram: 

There are differences in the data because some groups may have not been able to recover all the copper and some may have lost some copper through some of the steps. Another reason could be that some groups may have not subtracted the weight of the filter paper when they were measuring all the stages. 

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Alloys are used to modify the properties of a particular metals to make it get properties of its combined substance. Some uses of alloys include: medals, bells, machine parts, plumbing, screws, and wires. Alloys properties can change for example, when copper and zinc mix it produces brass which has a golden color diffferent from copper and zinc color and brass is harder than copper.

2SDS pg. 204 #7-13

7) An alloy is a solid combination of atoms of two or more metals.

8) An example of two alloys I use regularly are bronze and steel.

9) A nonmetal that is a component of both steel and stainless steel is carbon.

10)  Ni3Al, is a low-density, strong metallic alloy of nickel and aluminum used as a component of jet aircraft engines.

11) Metallloids are mostly semi-conductors and are located on the right of the periodic table.

12) Three elements commonly used for doping semiconductors are phosphorus, arsenic, and aluminum.

13) The primary use of the products of semiconductor technology is for computers and other electronics.

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The difference between O2 and O3 is that O2 is oxygen, which makes up 20% of the air you breathe and O3 is ozone, which is a gaseous substance found in the upper layers of our planet's atmosphere, as well as in some of the air pollution associated with cities.

2SDS pg.204 #1-6

1) Allotopes are different forms of an element that have distinctly different physical or chemical properties.

2) Two elements other than carbons that form allotropes are oxygen and sulfur.

3)
a. A diamonds are shiny, graphite is a soft black solid, and coal is a ashy, dark solid.
b. There are properties are different because they have different atomic arrangments.
c. The quality and optical characteristics.

4) Engineered materials differ from natural materials because engineered materials are modified by physically blending or chemically combining two or more substances, while natural materials come from plants, animals, or the ground.

5) Two advantages of using engineered ceramics in high-temperature applications is that it can become a substiture for steel in some applications and they can run engines with an increased efficiency. Two disadvanatages is that it can become brittle and fractured when in rapid temperature changes.

6) Two examples of properties that can be modified in plastics to make them useful for new applications is polyethylene can be tailored to dispaly relatively soft and pliable or crafted to be hard and brittle.

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The relationship between atoms, nuetrons, protons, electrons, and molecules is that molecule contain atoms and atoms contain protons, nuetrons, and electrons. In CO2 there is 1 carbon and 2 oxygens, and in H2O there are 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen. Each of these elements contain and certain amount of electrons, protons, and nuetrons.

2SCS pg. 181-182 #13-21

13)
a. 6 mol
b. 5 mol
c. 5 mol

14)
a. 1 mol
b. 621 g
c. 56 g
d. 223 g

15)
32
----  x 100
46
= 70% not 67%

16)  
a. Ag2S- 87% silver
b. Al2O3- 53% aluminum
c. CaCO3- 40% calcium

17)
a. 68% lead
b. 10% PbSO4
c. 6.8% Pb
d. 

18) 
a. The difference between recycling and reusing is recycling is when something is re-processed, cleaned and purified and then comes back in its original form or a new form and reusing is when you use something over again for the same purpose or a different purpose until it cannot be used anymore.
b. Two examples of reusing are taking old newspapers and use them as a mulch or compost for the garden or using a grocery bag for trash. Two examples of recylcing is a recycled water bottle might become a milk cartoon oe=r a recycled metal cans may be used for appliances. 

19)
a. Four examples of renewable resources are fresh water, air, fertile soil, and plants. 
b. Four examples of nonrenewable resources are metals, natural gas, coal, and petroleum. 

20) 
a. reusing
b. recycling
c. reusing

21) The life cycle of light bulb is shorter because it can only be recycled, while newspaper can be recycled and reused, thus lengthening its life cycle.