14) a. Modelsl i, ii, iv, and vi represent elements.
b. Models iii and v represent compounds.
15) A chemical formula represents a different chemial substance and each element present.
16) a. 3 hydrogen atoms, 1 phosphorus atom, 4 oxygen atoms
b. 1 sodium atom, 1 oxygen atom, 1 hydrogen atom
c. 1 sulfur atom, 2 oxygen atoms
17) a.
b.
c. a) two hydrogen atoms plus two chlorine atoms equals two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms. b) two compounds of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms equals 2 compounds of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atoms plus two oxygen atoms.
18) a. NaHCO₃ + HCl ---> NaCl + H₂0 + CO₂
b. C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₆ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂0
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