Terms

Unit 2 terms
Ore-A rock/mineral that contains metals and other useful substances in them

Ductility-The ease of being drawn into thin wires

Rust- Corrosion, Tarnish

Oxidation- when a element combines with oxygen

Isotopes- Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, making them 

have different mass numbers

Nucleus- A positively charged region (due to protons) in the center of an atom

Mass number- The total number of protons and neutrons

Periods- Horizontal rows

Group/family- Vertical columns 

Alkali metal family- first column of periodic table (reactive)

Noble gas family- Elements on rightmost side that are unreactive


Halogen family- Elements to the left of the noble gases (reactive)

Physical changes-material remains the same but its form appears to have changed

Chemical changes- an interaction of matter that results in the formation of one or more new substances

Avogadro's number- 6.02 x 10²³

Moles- counting unit

Malleability- the property of a material that permits it to be flattened without breaking 

Brittle- scatters into pieces

Combustion- burning

Metals- a material with properties like luster, ductility, conductivity, and malleability

Metalloids- a material with properties between those of metals and nonmetals 

Nonmetals- a material with properties such as brittleness, lack of luster, non conductivity - usually they are insulators 

Unit 1A Vocabulary List 

filtration: solid partibles are separated from a liquid

filtrate: the liquid collected after it has been filtered 

adsorb: to attract and hold onto a surface

percent recovery: percent of original foul water sample recovered as purified water

histogram: shows percent recovery obtained by all laboratory groups in the class

range: the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set

average/mean: average value found by adding all values together and dividing the sum by the total number of values

median: the middle value

electrical conductivity: focuses on the presence of dissolved, electrically charged particles in water
water cycle/hydrologic cycle: the cycle in which liquid water gets evaporated and then comes back down as percipitation and the cycle continues

direct water use: water that can be directly measured

indirect water use: hidden uses of water

gaseous state: water vapor in the air

liquid state: water in lakes, rivers, oceans, clouds, and rain

solid state: ice

surface water: water supply originated in a river or other body of water

groundwater: water supply originated in a well 

aquifer: a water-bearing layer of rock, sand, or gravel

Unit 1 B.1-B.4 Vocabulary List 

matter: anything that occupies space and has mass, made from atoms (ex. solids, liquids, gases)

physical properties: properties that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance (ex. freezing point, density)

density: the mass of material within a given volume

freezing point (of water): when a liquid turns into a solid (0°C or 32°F)

melting point (of water): when a solid turns into a liquid (0°C or 32°F)

boiling point (of water): when a liquid turns into vapor (100°C or 212°F)

aqueous solution: water-based solution

surface tension: tension of a surface caused by the attraction of intermolecular forces 

suspension: solid particles are large enough to be separated using filtration

mixture: when two or more substances combine with each substanceretaining their individual properties
 
heterogeneous mixture: the mixture  is not the same, or uniform, throughout (ex. milk)

Tyndall Effect: the scattering of light that indicates that small, solid particles, are still in the water

collid: small, solid particles that remain still in the water, which are unable to see by an unaided eye

homogeneous mixture: a mixture that is uniform throughout

solutions: homogeneous mixtures (ex. salt solution)

solute: the dissovled substance (salt)

solvent: dissolving agent (water)

particulate level: the level of atoms and molecules

atoms: building blocks of matter

element: matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

compound: a substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements linked together chemically in certain fixed proportions

chemical formulas: represent compounds

substance: has a uniform and definite composition, as well as distinct properties.

molecule: the smallest unit of a molecular compound that retains the properties of that substance (ex. oxygen)


chemical bonds: hold atoms of molecules together